Andorra has no airport or railway station within its 468 square kilometer territory. All arrivals enter by road from either France or Spain through mountain passes in the Pyrenees. The primary entry from France follows route RN22 through the Pas de la Casa crossing at approximately 2,080 meters elevation. From Spain, the CG1 road enters through Sant Julià de Lòria parish at the southern border. Both crossings remain open year-round, though winter snowfall between November and April can temporarily close mountain routes or require chains. Andorra maintains no physical border controls due to its customs union arrangements, but French and Spanish authorities conduct checks on their respective sides.
Bus services provide the only scheduled public transport connections to external airports. The company Andorra by Bus operates routes to Barcelona-El Prat Airport taking approximately three hours, with frequencies ranging from four to eight departures daily depending on season. Connections to Toulouse-Blagnac Airport in France run less frequently, typically two to three times daily with a journey time near three and a half hours. Private shuttle companies and taxis supplement these options at higher cost. The nearest major railway stations stand at L'Hospitalet-près-l'Andorre in France (30 kilometers) and La Seu d'Urgell in Spain (10 kilometers), both requiring onward road transport.
Andorra is not a member of the European Union or the Schengen Area, but its borders function effectively as if it were. No visa exists specifically for Andorra. Entry requirements follow those of the neighboring country from which you arrive. Travelers holding valid Schengen visas or EU residence permits can enter without additional documentation. Citizens of countries requiring Schengen visas must obtain them from France or Spain before travel, as Andorra itself issues no visas and maintains no consular services abroad beyond honorary consuls in select cities. The French co-prince (currently the President of France) and the Bishop of Urgell serve as joint heads of state under the 1278 Pareage agreement formalized in the 1993 constitution, but this unique political structure does not create separate immigration authority.
Andorra adopted the euro as its currency through a monetary agreement with the European Union signed in 2004, though the microstate is not an EU member. The country issues its own euro coins minted by Spain, featuring its own national designs including the coat of arms and the Romanesque church of Santa Coloma. These coins rarely circulate outside the country, making them collectible but functionally identical to all eurozone currency. Prior to the euro, Andorra used both the French franc and Spanish peseta simultaneously without issuing its own money. No currency exchange is necessary when arriving from France or Spain.
ATMs operate throughout Andorra la Vella and Escaldes-Engordany parishes, with decreasing density in smaller parishes. The major banks include Andbank (founded 1930 as Banc Agrícol i Comercial d'Andorra), Crèdit Andorrà (established 1949), and MoraBanc (created 2000 from merger). Andorra's banking sector historically attracted deposits through strict privacy laws, but reforms between 2009 and 2018 aligned the country with international tax transparency standards including automatic exchange of information agreements. The banking system holds deposits far exceeding the domestic economy's size, reflecting its role as a financial center.
Credit cards from major networks function at most establishments in commercial zones, though smaller family-run restaurants and shops in villages may accept cash only. The country has no central bank; banking supervision falls under the Andorran Financial Authority (Autoritat Financera Andorrana) established in 2013. Bank opening hours typically run 9:00 to 17:00 on weekdays with Saturday morning service at some branches. Foreign residents can open bank accounts with proof of residency permit and passport, though minimum balance requirements vary by institution and often start at 3,000 euros for basic accounts.
Andorra Telecom holds a statutory monopoly on fixed telecommunications infrastructure established when the company formed in 1967 as a public entity. The government privatized 49 percent of shares in 2000 but retained majority control. This monopoly ended for mobile services in 2007, though Andorra Telecom's mobile brand remains the largest operator. The mobile network infrastructure covers the inhabited valley floors reliably, but signal drops occur frequently in the higher mountain areas and side valleys, particularly above 2,000 meters elevation.
France and Spain's mobile networks provide coverage near border areas, and many visitors keep their roaming services active rather than purchasing local SIM cards. Since June 2017, EU regulations eliminated roaming charges for EU residents traveling within the bloc, but Andorra falls outside this framework. Spanish and French operators often extend their EU roaming packages to Andorra without additional fees, though travelers should verify specific carrier policies. For those purchasing local service, Andorra Telecom sells prepaid SIM cards at its retail locations in Andorra la Vella requiring passport identification.